Supplementary Material

Table S1. Details of the groups in the selected studies assessing computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) 
References 	Experimental treatment (sample size)	Control treatment (sample size)	Mean age of participants in years (SD)	Duration of CACR in weeks	Number of CACR sessions per week	Cognitive domain assessed 	Unbiased Cohen’s d
Mean (SD)	
(Bell et al. 2001)
Overlapping studies: (Bell et al. 2003)
(Bell et al. 2004)
(Bell et al. 2007)
(Fiszdon et al. 2006)	Neurocognitive Enhancement Therapy consisting of CACR, biweekly feedback on cognitive performance in the workplace and a weekly social information processing group 
& Vocational program (N=31)	Vocational program alone (n=34)	40.3 (9.7)	26	3	Speed of Processing 	0.34 (0.18)	
						Attention/Vigilance	N/A	
						Working Memory 	0.33 (0.20)	
						Verbal Memory	N/A	
						Visual Memory	N/A	
						Problem Solving	0.65 (0.20)	
						Social Cognition	0.10	
(Bellucci et al. 2003)	CACR with a trainer providing reinforcement and encouragements
(N=17)	Treatment as usual (n=17)	42 (N/A)	8	2	Speed of Processing 	0.61 (0.36)	
						Working Memory	0.50 (0.07)	
						Verbal Memory	0.48 (0.37)	
(Benedict et al. 1994)	bCACR focusing on attention, with a trainer providing guiding and encouragements (N=16)	Treatment as usual (n=17)	38.1 (11.6)	7	4	Attention/Vigilance	0.43 (0.62)	
						eVerbal Memory	0.13	
(Burda et al. 1994)	CACR (N=40)	Treatment As Usual (N=29)	50 (12.51)	8	3	Speed of Processing	0.91	
						Working Memory	0.57	
						Verbal Memory	0.68 (0.15)	
						Visual Memory	-0.25	
						Verbal Comprehension	0.71	
(Eack et al. 2007)	Cognitive Enhancement Therapy consisting of CACR and a weekly social-cognitive group (N=18)	cEnriched Supportive Therapy involving training in illness self management techniques (N=20)	26.1 (6.54)	52	N/A	Social Cognition	1.01	
(Field et al. 1997)	bCACR focusing on attention deficits (N=5) 	dGraphics-based computer games (N=5)	20.3 (N/A)	3	2	Speed of Processing 	0.34 (0.87)	
(Greig et al. 2007)	Neurocognitive Enhancement Therapy consisting of CACR, weekly work feedback and social information processing groups and Vocational Program (N=33)	Vocational Program alone (N=29)	42.7 (9.4)	34	N/A	Working Memory	0.32 (0.29)	
						Verbal Memory	0.25 (0.20)	
						Visual Memory	0.42 (0.15)	
						Problem Solving	0.20 (0.43)	
						Social Cognition	0.48 (0.03)	
(Hermanutz & Gestrich, 1991)	bCACR focusing on attention (N=10)	cCognitive Training by therapist based on non-computerized tasks (N=10)	31.5 (N/A)	4	4	Attention/Vigilance	0.10 (0.33)	
(Hogarty et al. 2004)	Cognitive Enhancement Therapy consisting of CACR where patients work in pairs and 1.5 hours per week of social cognitive group exercises (N=63) 	cEnriched Supportive Therapy involving training in illness self management techniques (N=50)	37.3 (8.9)	104	N/A	Speed of Processing	0.49 (0.28)	
						Working Memory	0.09	
						Verbal Memory	0.43 (0.06)	
						Problem Solving	0.24 (0.16)	
						Verbal Comprehension	0.08	
						Social Cognition	0.52 (0.14)	
(Kurtz et al. 2007)	CACR with trainers providing supervision and positive reinforcement (N=23)	dComputer-skills training (N=19)	36.7 (12.2)	52	N/A	Speed of Processing	-0.12	
						Working Memory	-0.08	
						Verbal Memory	-0.65	
						Visual Memory	-0.58	
						Problem Solving	0	
(Medalia et al. 1998)	bCACR focusing on attention with a trainer providing guidance and positive reinforcement (N=27)	dViewing of video documentaries (N=27)	33 (7.5)	6	3	Attention/Vigilance	0.33 (0.20)	
(Medalia et al. 2000)	bCACR focusing on memory with a trainer providing teaching in mnemonic techniques, positive reinforcement and encouragements (N=18)	Treatment As Usual (N=18)	33.6 (7.7)	5	2	Verbal Memory	-0.38 (0.30)	
						eProblem Solving	-0.16	
(Medalia et al. 2001)	bCACR focusing on problem-solving with a trainer providing training in performing sequential procedures, guidance in using problem-solving strategies, positive reinforcement and encouragements (N=18)	Treatment As Usual (N=18)	36.4 (6.3)	5	2	eVerbal Memory	-0.42 (0.52)	
						Problem-Solving	0.21	
(Sartory et al. 2005)	CACR with an attendant providing help in using the computer (N=21)	Treatment As Usual (N=21)	32.2 (8.5)	3	5	Speed of Processing	0.50 (0.21)	
						Verbal Memory	0.66 (0.13)	
						Verbal Comprehension	0.33	
(Vauth et al. 2005)	Computer-Assisted Cognitive Strategy Training consisting of CACR and teaching of cognitive strategies
and vocational rehabilitation (N=47)	cTraining of Self-management Skills for Negative Symptoms involving time scheduling, motivational techniques, communication skills training and emotional management skills training
and vocational rehabilitation (N=45)	28.5 (6.6)	8	2	Attention/Vigilance	0.45	
						Verbal Memory	0.60 (0.04)	
						Problem Solving	1.90	
(Wölwer et al. 2005)
Overlapping studies: (Frommann et al. 2003)	bTraining of Affect Recognition consisting of CACR and desk work focusing on facial affect recognition. Patients worked in pairs and were coached by a therapist providing training in cognitive strategies.  (N=28)	Treatment As Usual (N=25)	31.5 (6.9)	6	2	eSpeed of Processing	0.18 (0.29)	
						eAttention/Vigilance	0.27	
						eWorking Memory	0.45 (0.23)	
						eVerbal Memory	0.23 (0.25)	
						Social Cognition	1.00	
(Wölwer et al. 2005)	Cognitive Remediation Training consisting of CACR and desk work focusing on ‘cold’ cognition. Patients worked in pairs and were coached by a therapist providing training in cognitive strategies (N=24)	Treatment As Usual (N=25)	36.7 (11.4)	6	2	Speed of Processing	-0.33 (0.12)	
						Attention/Vigilance	-0.04	
						Working Memory	0.20 (0.05)	
						Verbal Memory	0.71 (0.24)	
						eSocial Cognition	0.14	
N/A, Not available.
a This study did not report the data of every measures performed. Data were available only for Problem Solving, Working Memory, Speed of Processing and Social Cognition.
b These CACR interventions were domain specific.
c These control condition were considered valid treatments.
d These control condition were considered placebo interventions.
e These domains were not direct cognitive targets of the CACR.